| GPH 111 - Review Sheet for Final Exam - This review sheet is supplemental to the Exam Wikis. Wikis are the most current and best review documents for exams. 67 questions CLOSED BOOK / CLOSED NOTES - BRING SCANTRON & #2 PENCIL |
| FLUVIAL PROCESSES (23 Questions) |
| TERMS: |
| Splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, drainage basin, interfluves, drainage divide, tributaries, dendtritic, trellis, radial, deranged, centripetal, rectangular, stream order, discharge, stream velocity, turbulent flow, laminar flow, gradient, dissolved load, suspended load, bed load, competence, capacity, alluvium, scour and fill, longitudinal profile, graded stream, youthful valleys, mature, rejuvenation, lateral planation, meanders, point bar, cut bank, floodplain, oxbow lakes, oxbow swamps, meander scar, yazoo streams (tributaries), levee, waterfall (knickpoint), thalweg, braided streams, meandering streams, delta, distributaries, alluvial fan |
| CONCEPTS: |
| types of erosion by water (splash, sheet, rill, gully, etc); stream organization and drainage basin characteristics; drainage patterns and their relation to bedrock units; rules for assessing stream order; Horton's relationships associated with stream order; stream transportation methods; stream grade modification; features of the upper and lower course of a river |
| FOCUS ON... * know what each "load" consists of; that is, what makes up the suspended load, bed load, or dissolved load; also, how does each load move * know where erosion occurs vs. deposition occurs within stream meanders (inside vs. outside); also know where stream's velocity is the greatest in relationship to the stream channel. * know the characteristics and features of the floodplain * know which features/landforms are depositional vs erosional * know what is happening with the river when the valley has a V-shaped profile vs. a wide, almost flat profile * know what a graded stream is * know the various drainage patterns, what they look like and what do they tell you about the land over which the river system is flowing * know what base level is and what the "ultimate" base level is; how does erosion rate change as the stream approaches base level * know how natural levees form * know the progression from splash erosion to sheet erosion to rill erosion to gullies: showing concentrated water flow and increasing erosional power * know what the terms competence and capacity are * know what a yazoo stream is * know the stages of the fluvial cycle: youthful, mature, old age, rejuvenation and what the landscape looks like at each stage * know what an oxbow lake is * know what a drainage divide is and also know what the continental divide separates * know how to do Horton's stream order: do practice problem. * know the 3 stream order relationships: stream order vs. drainage basin, stream order vs. stream segment length, etc. |
| GLACIERS (ALPINE AND CONTINENTAL) (24 Questions) |
| TERMS: |
| Alpine: cirque glacier, valley glacier, piedmont glacier, ablation, accumulation, equilibrium line (firn line, firn limit), mass balance, dynamic equilibrium, cirque, bergschrund, crevasse, basal slip, plastic flow, brittle flow, glacial abrasion, striations, plucking, quarrying, roche moutonnée, firn, Arete, Horn, Col, Glacial trough, fjord, V-shaped valley, U-shaped valley, tarn, hanging valley, paternoster lakes, drift, till, glaciofluvial deposits, moraines (lateral, medial, end, terminal, recessional, ground), till plain, valley train, outwash plain.
Continental: Pleistocene, glacials, interglacials, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Greenland, Antarctica, isostatic depression, isostatic rebound, shelf, sea ice, iceberg, calving, moraines (terminal, recessional, interlobate), outwash plain, knobs, kettles, kame, knob and kettle topography, drumlin, esker, erratic, deranged drainage. |
| CONCEPTS: |
| Glacier mass balance (relation between ablation and accumulation); movement of glaciers; ice crystal growth by pressure and meltwater percolation; rate of growth as function of geographic location (midlatitudes vs polar glaciers); methods of glacial erosion, erosional and depositional features of alpine vs continental glaciation, sorted vs unsorted deposits, shape of the landscape after alpine or continental glaciers have been active. How are the landscapes different? In which zone does erosion take place? In which zone does deposition take place? |
| FOCUS ON... * know what the Bergschrund is along with other crevasses on the glacier * know the following features: horn, arete, tarn, cirque, kettle lakes, fjords, paternoster lakes, striations, drumlins, esker, moraines (including lateral, medial, end, and ground). Remember there are two types of end moraines (recessional and terminal moraines) and know what the difference is between them * know how recessional moraines are formed * know glacier mass balance: accumulation vs. ablation. Know these terms; Know which is bigger is a glacier is advancing, retreating or staying the same (dynamic equilibrium). * know what basal slip is * know which features from the terminology list are alpine erosional features vs. which are continental erosional features. Also make sure you separate these from alpine and continental depositional features. There are only a few that these different types of glaciers have in common. Make yourself a table to separate alpine erosional/depositional features from continental erosional/depositional features - it makes learning them easier. Know that the erosional alpine features are found in the zone of accumulation and the depositional alpine features are found in the zone of ablation. * know the rate of snow transformation to firn to glacial ice as a function of geographic location; that is, how does the rate compare between midlatitude alpine glaciers vs. those in the antarctic region * how do alpine glaciers change the appearance of the landscape compared to a region that has undergone continental glaciation * which glacial features contain sorted materials vs. those with unsorted materials * know the processes of plucking (quarrying) vs. abrasion and what each does to the land over which the glacier flows * what was sea level like during the last ice age compared to current sea level * what is the difference between a glacial and an interglacial * |
| COMPREHENSIVE PORTION: |
| There are 20 questions, all related to a map (similar to the review given in class). Questions come from the topics below ... and no others. |
| 4 - earth/sun
relations, day length, solar radiation intensity
4 - pressure zones / winds 1 - precipitation processes 2 - Köppen's climate classification (1st letters only) 1 - weathering 4 - plate boundary types including earthquake/volcano locations 1 - latitude/longitude 2 - air mass source regions for the United States 1 - continentality
Good luck. |